{"id":3396,"date":"2025-05-21T03:40:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T03:40:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/?p=3396"},"modified":"2025-05-21T03:53:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T03:53:55","slug":"engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae PA Plastic: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 &amp; \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#Abstract\" >\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#1_In-depth_analysis_of_material_properties\" >1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#11_Double-edged_sword_of_mechanical_properties\" >1.1 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#12_Breakthrough_in_temperature_tolerance\" >1.2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#2_Core_advantage_matrix_8_major_features\" >2. \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (8 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#21_King_of_dynamic_load_fatigue_strength\" >2.1 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#22_Economics_of_self-lubricating_properties\" >2.2 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#23_Chemical_stability_map\" >2.3 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#III_Application_defects_and_countermeasures_4_major_challenges\" >III. \u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 (4 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#31_Dimension_variation_caused_by_water_absorption\" >3.1 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#32_UV_aging_mechanism\" >3.2 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#4_Frontier_of_innovative_applications\" >4. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#41_Automobile_lightweight_revolution\" >4.1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#42_3D_printing_material_breakthrough\" >4.2 3D \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/engineering-pa-plastic-key-strength-weakness\/#Summary\" >\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"abstract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ac\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (PA) \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 35% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (-40\u2103 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 250\u2103) (Grand View Research, 2022). \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd PA, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (\uff1e60MPa) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac (0,15-0,4), \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd (\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf 8%) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 DuPont. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 BASF, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd PA66-GF30 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 250\u2103, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"1-in-depth-analysis-of-material-properties\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_In-depth_analysis_of_material_properties\"><\/span>1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1-1-double-edged-sword-of-mechanical-properties\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Double-edged_sword_of_mechanical_properties\"><\/span>1.1 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>: \u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 PA (60-80MPa) \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 (55MPa), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (2-4GPa) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 1\/10 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1: (ASTM D256), \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf ABS.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2: BMW i3: \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/products\/nylon-6\/pa6-glass-fiber\/\">PA6-GF30<\/a> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 40%<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plasticsindustry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1-2-breakthrough-in-temperature-tolerance\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Breakthrough_in_temperature_tolerance\"><\/span>1.2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf HDT \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 300% \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 PA46 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 160 \u2103 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 GF \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 290 \u2103 (UL746B)<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Toyota \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af PA9T, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 175\u2103<\/li>\n<li>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf: [ISO 75-2] \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"2-core-advantage-matrix-8-major-features-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Core_advantage_matrix_8_major_features\"><\/span>2. \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (8 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"2-1-king-of-dynamic-load-fatigue-strength-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_King_of_dynamic_load_fatigue_strength\"><\/span>2.1 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 10\u2077 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, <a href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/products\/nylon-66\/\">PA66<\/a> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf 85% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 (ISO 13003)<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Festo \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/products\/nylon-12\/\">PA12<\/a>, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u0388\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ScienceDirect \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2-2-economics-of-self-lubricating-properties\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Economics_of_self-lubricating_properties\"><\/span>2.2 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 0,15-0,25, 30% \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf PTFE<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd Schaeffler \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd PA6+MoS\u2082 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: (McKinsey, 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2-3-chemical-stability-map\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Chemical_stability_map\"><\/span>2.3 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 PH4-9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 &lt;0,5g-mm\/m\u00b2-day<\/li>\n<li>Covestro <a href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/products\/nylon-612\/\">PA612<\/a> \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 DIN 73378<\/li>\n<li>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae: [SAE J30] \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0., \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"iii-application-defects-and-countermeasures-4-major-challenges-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Application_defects_and_countermeasures_4_major_challenges\"><\/span>III. \u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 (4 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"3-1-dimension-variation-caused-by-water-absorption\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Dimension_variation_caused_by_water_absorption\"><\/span>3.1 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd 1,5-2% (ISO 62)<\/li>\n<li>Ensinger <a href=\"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/products\/nylon-6\/\">PA6<\/a> \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 60%<\/li>\n<li>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7: PA12 (\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd 0.25%) \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"3-2-uv-aging-mechanism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_UV_aging_mechanism\"><\/span>3.2 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 300 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 QUV, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 40%<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf DuPont Zytel\u00ae HTN \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 8 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: [ASTM G154] \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0., \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"4-frontier-of-innovative-applications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Frontier_of_innovative_applications\"><\/span>4. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"4-1-automobile-lightweight-revolution\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Automobile_lightweight_revolution\"><\/span>4.1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf Mercedes-Benz EQXX \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 PA, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 300%<\/li>\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0388\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 EPA \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"4-2-3d-printing-material-breakthrough\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_3D_printing_material_breakthrough\"><\/span>4.2 3D \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039f \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 HP Multi Jet Fusion \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 PA12 0,1 mm<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd Siemens<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1: [ISO\/ASTM 52900] \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"summary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac PA \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2\/\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae 80MPa \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 1,8g\/cm\u00b3), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 0,1-0,3% (DIN 16901). \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf PA66-GF35 (\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf PA12 (\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 [Material Selection Matrix]. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd PA6 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Clariant (UL94 V-0) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd PA \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Solvay (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 200\u2103+), \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03a9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ac\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (PA) \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 35% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (-40\u2103 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 250\u2103) (Grand View Research, 2022). \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3396"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3397,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions\/3397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nylon-granules.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}